← Entropy Atlas

Uniform or fair

Card shuffling

A fair shuffle should be able to reach every permutation with the intended probability.

Evaluation card

What “plenty” means here.

Required property
Uniform selection plus an unbiased shuffle algorithm such as correctly implemented Fisher–Yates.
If it fails
Modulo bias or a flawed swap pattern makes some orders more likely or unreachable.
Relevant attacker
Players looking for a predictable deal, or an operator able to influence the generator.
The Plenty Line
Use a trusted generator and unbiased integer sampling for every Fisher–Yates step; audit the whole dealing process.
Why more is not automatically better
More random bytes do not fix an incorrect shuffle algorithm or a dealer who can replace the result.

Where it appears

Recognize the pattern.

  • 01digital card games
  • 02tournament seating
  • 03physical shuffle verification

The Plentropy rule

Protect the requirement, then stop.

Use a trusted generator and unbiased integer sampling for every Fisher–Yates step; audit the whole dealing process.
Once that claim has comfortable evidence and margin, improve the next limiting factor instead of worshipping a larger entropy number.