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Secret & unpredictable

Signature nonces

Some signature schemes use a one-time secret number for each message.

Evaluation card

What “plenty” means here.

Required property
A unique, secret, correctly distributed nonce—or a vetted deterministic derivation tied to the key and message.
If it fails
A repeated, biased, or partially leaked nonce can reveal the long-term signing key.
Relevant attacker
Anyone collecting signatures and exploiting correlations or repeated nonce values.
The Plenty Line
Use the signature standard’s deterministic procedure or a vetted CSPRNG at the scheme’s security strength.
Why more is not automatically better
Oversized randomness is not a substitute for correct modular sampling and strict non-reuse.

Where it appears

Recognize the pattern.

  • 01ECDSA per-message values
  • 02DSA nonces
  • 03blinded or hedged signature generation

The Plentropy rule

Protect the requirement, then stop.

Use the signature standard’s deterministic procedure or a vetted CSPRNG at the scheme’s security strength.
Once that claim has comfortable evidence and margin, improve the next limiting factor instead of worshipping a larger entropy number.